The year in cardiovascular medicine 2024: the top 10 papers in heart failure. Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Vaduga,et al.Finerenone in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
N Engl J Med 2024;391:1475–85.
Nei pazienti con scompenso cardiaco a FE moderatamente depressa o conservata, finerenone ha ridotto rispetto al placebo un endpoint composito di morte per causa cardiovascolare ed eventi correlati a peggioramento dello scompenso.

Kosiborod MN, Petrie MC, Borlaug BA, et al. Semaglutide in patients with obesity-related heart failure and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2024;390:1394–407.
Nei pazienti obesi con diabete di tipo 2 e con scompenso a FE conservata, la semaglutide ha ridotto significativamente, rispetto al placebo a 1 anno di follow-up, il peso, i sintomi e le limitazioni fisiche correlate allo scompenso.

Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, et al. Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. N Engl J Med 2024. Online ahead of print.
Nei pazienti obesi con scompenso a FE conservata, tirzepatide ha ridotto rispetto al placebo un endpoint composito di morte cardiovascolare e peggioramento dello scompenso, migliorando lo stato di salute.

1.Segan L, Canovas R, Nanayakkara S, Chieng D, Prabhu S, Voskoboinik A, et al. New-onset atrial fibrillation prediction: the HARMS2-AF risk score. Eur Heart J

1.Mejia-Renteria H, Travieso A, Matias-Guiu JA, Yus M, Espejo-Paeres C, Finocchiaro F, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with impaired cognitive function: the cerebral-coronary connection

1. Rajkumar CA, Foley MJ, Ahmed-Jushuf F, Nowbar AN, Simader FA, Davies JR, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of percutaneous coronary intervention for stable angina. Among patients with stable angina who were receiving little or no antianginal medication and had objective evidence of ischemia, PCI resulted in a lower angina symptom score than a placebo procedure, indicating a better health status with respect to angina.

2. Biscaglia S, Guiducci V, Escaned J, Moreno R, Lanzilotti V, Santarelli A, et al. Complete or culprit-only PCI in older patients with myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2023;389: 889–98. Among patients who were 75 years of age or older with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease, those who underwent physiology-guided complete revascularization had a lower risk of a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or ischemiadriven revascularization at 1 year than those who received culprit-lesion–only PCI.

3. Ali ZA, Landmesser U, Maehara A, Matsumura M, Shlofmitz RA, Guagliumi G, et al. Optical coherence tomographyguided versus angiography-guided PCI. N Engl J Med 2023;389:1466–76. Among patients undergoing PCI, OCT guidance resulted in a larger minimum stent area than angiography guidance, but there was no apparent between-group difference in the percentage of patients with targetvessel failure at 2 years.

The year in cardiovascular medicine 2022: the top 10 papers in arrhythmias.
1. Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, Winkel BG, Behr ER, Blom NA, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Eur Heart J 2022;43:3997–4126. https://doi.org/10.1093/ eurheartj/ehac262 This document presents an update of the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death.

2. Marrouche NF, Wazni O, McGann C, Greene T, Dean JM, Dagher L, et al. Effect of MRI-guided fibrosis ablation vs conventional catheter ablation on atrial arrhythmia recurrence in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: the
DECAAF II randomized clinical trial.
JAMA 2022;327:2296–2305. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.8831
Among patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), MRI-guided fibrosis ablation plus pulmonary veins isolation (PVI), compared with PVI catheter ablation only, resulted in no significant difference in atrial arrhythmia
recurrence. Findings do not support the use of MRI-guided fibrosis ablation for the treatment of persistent AF.

3. 3. Cerrone M, Marrón-Liñares GM, van Opbergen CJM, Costa S, Bourfiss M, Pérez-Hernández M, et al. Role of plakophilin-2 expression on exercise-related progression of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a translational study. Eur Heart J 2022;43:1251–1264. https://
doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab772 We speculate that exercise challenges a
cardiomyocyte “desmosomal reserve” which, if impaired genetically (e.g., PKP2 loss), accelerates progression of cardiomyopathy.

1. Delgado-Lista J, Alcala-Diaz JF, Torres- Peña JD, Quintana-Navarro GM, Fuentes F, Garcia-Rios A, et al. Long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet (CORDIOPREV): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2022;399:1876–1885. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00122-2 In secondary prevention, the Mediterranean diet was superior to the low-fat diet in preventing major cardiovascular events. Our results are relevant to clinical practice, supporting the use of the Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention.

2. Zhao B, Gan L, Graubard BI, Männistö S, Albanes D, Huang J. Associations of dietary cholesterol, Serum cholesterol, and egg consumption with overall and cause-specific mortality: systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Circulation 2022;145: 1506–1520. https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057642.  In this prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis, greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Our findings support restricted consumption of dietary cholesterol as a means to improve long-term health and longevity.

The year in cardiovascular medicine 2022: The top 10 papers in acute cardiac care and ischaemic heart disease. 1. Maslove DM, Tang B, Shankar-Hari M, Lawler PR, Angus DC, Baillie JK, et al. Redefining  critical illness. Nat Med 2022;28:1141–1148. Critical illness needs to be reframed. Owing to the rapid changes and multi-organ manifestations seen in critical illness, it is likely to be more complicated and to take a correspondingly greater effort than the precedents of oncology and cardiology.