IVUS

PCI complesse: meglio la guida IVUS o OCT?

Le linee guida correnti raccomandano l’utilizzo dell’imaging coronarico per ottimizzare l’impianto di stent nei pazienti sottoposti a PCI complessa (classe IIA) , sulla scia di studi che ne hanno dimostrato la superiorità nell’ottenere una più ampia area luminale rispetto alla semplice guida angiografica. . Lo studio OCTIVUS ha randomizzato una popolazione consecutiva di pazienti trattati con PCI a guida con eco intravascolare (IVUS) o a “optical coherence tomography” (OCT) non dimostrando differenze di outcome tra i pazienti in cui…

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L’impianto di mitraclip può essere utile anche nei pazienti “non eleggibili” secondo i criteri di inclusione dello studio COAPT? 

Negli ultimi anni abbiamo assistito a una progressiva presa di coscienza dei limiti dell’angiografia coronarica in termini sia diagnostici sia interventistici. In effetti, sebbene sia spesso la sola angiografia a guidare le scelte del cardiologo interventista, ne sono ormai ben documentati i limiti in termini di discrezionalità di interpretazione (i.e. natura bidimensionale dell’immagine) e di mancata caratterizzazione della placca coronarica. Di qui la necessità di una valutazione…

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Predictors of target lesion failure after treatment of left main, bifurcation, or chronic total occlusion lesions with ultrathin-strut drug-eluting coronary stents in the ULTRA registry.

Background: Data about the long-term performance of new-generation ultrathinstrut drug-eluting stents (DES) in challenging coronary lesions, such as left main (LM), bifurcation, and chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions are scant.

Methods: The international multicenter retrospective observational ULTRA study included consecutive patients treated from September 2016 to August 2021 with ultrathinstrut (<70 μm) DES in challenging de novo lesions. Primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF): composite of cardiac death, target-lesion revascularization (TLR), target- vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), or definite stent thrombosis (ST). Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), target vessel revascularization, and TLF components. TLF predictors were assessed with Cox multivariable analysis. Results: Of 1801 patients (age: 66.6 ± 11.2 years; male: 1410 [78.3%]), 170 (9.4%) experienced TLF during follow-up of 3.1 ± 1.4 years. In patients with LM, CTO, and bifurcation lesions, TLF rates were 13.5%, 9.9%, and 8.9%, respectively. Overall, 160 (8.9%) patients died (74 [4.1%] from cardiac causes). AMI and TVMI rates were 6.0% and 3.2%, respectively. ST occurred in 11 (1.1%) patients while 77 (4.3%) underwent TLR. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of TLF: age, STEMI with cardiogenic shock, impaired left ventricular ejection fraction, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. Among the procedural variables, total stent length increased TLF risk (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1-1.02 per mm increase), while intracoronary imaging reduced the risk substantially (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12-0.82).

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Predictors of Bail-out stenting in patients with small vessel disease treated with drug-coated balloon percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have shown comparable results with drugeluting stents in small vessel disease (SVD) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in terms of target vessel revascularization and a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction. However, the relatively high rate of bail-out stenting (BOS) still represents a major drawback of DCB PCI.

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical, anatomic, and procedural features predictive of BOS after DCB PCI in SVD.

Methods: We included all consecutive patients undergoing PCI at our institution between January 2020 and May 2022 who were treated with DCB PCI of a de novo lesion in a coronary vessel with a reference vessel diameter (RVD) between 2.0 and 2.5 mm. Angiographic success was defined as a residual stenosis <30% without flow-limiting dissection. Patients who did not meet these criteria underwent BOS.

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Configuration of two-stent coronary bifurcation techniques in explanted beating hearts: the MOBBEM study

Background: In patients with complex coronary bifurcation lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), various 2-stent techniques might be utilised. The Visible Heart Laboratories (VHL) offer an experimental environment where PCI results can be assessed by multimodality imaging.

Aims: We aimed to assess the post-PCI stent configuration achieved by 2-stent techniques in the VHL and to evaluate the procedural factors associated with suboptimal results.

Methods: Bifurcation PCI with 2-stent techniques, performed by expert operators in the VHL on explanted beating swine hearts, was studied. The adopted bifurcation PCI strategy and the specific procedural steps applied in each procedure were classified according to Main, Across, Distal, Side (MADS)-2 and to their adherence to the European Bifurcation Club (EBC) recommendations. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used to assess the post-PCI stent configuration. The primary endpoint was “suboptimal stent implantation”, defined as a composite of stent underexpansion (<90%), side branch ostial area stenosis >50% and the gap between stents.

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Qual è il vantaggio offerto da una strategia IVUS guidata nella PCI complessa?

L’utilità dell’ecografia intravascolare (IVUS) nelle procedure di PCI, soprattutto in quelle complesse, è ampiamente documentata e ribadita nelle Linee Guida : il suo utilizzo permette, infatti, una migliore stima delle dimensioni del vaso da trattare, un più accurato impianto dello stent, una più rapida e attendibile valutazione di eventuali complicanze. Tuttavia, non è noto quale sia l’effettivo utilizzo nel mondo reale di questa tecnica, la variabilità di uso tra ospedale e ospedale, le conseguenze sull’outcome dei pazienti (in particolare mortalità e necessità di reintervento) nelle procedure in cui venga o non venga utilizzata.

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Quale tecnica deve guidare la PCI: IVUS o FFR? lo studio FLAVOUR

Le Linee Guida ESC sulla rivascolarizzazione miocardica raccomandano l’esecuzione di FFR per valutare il significato fisiopatologico di una lesione coronarica di grado intermedio (classe I, livello di evidenza A) sulla base dello studio FAME, pubblicato nel 2009, che ha dimostrato come la PCI guidata da FFR si accompagni a un minor numero di eventi cardiovascolari (morte, infarto, rivascolarizzazioni) a 1 anno, rispetto a una PCI guidata dall’angiografia. Le stesse Linee Guida riservano, per l’uso dell’IVUS, durante PCI una raccomandazione di classe IIa per la valutazione della severità delle stenosi sul tronco comune della coronaria sinistra. Non ci sono studi che abbiano confrontato l’outcome dei pazienti sottoposti a PCI con guida FFR, rispetto alle procedure interventistiche eseguite con guida IVUS (una tecnica che fornisce informazioni di tipo anatomico più dettagliate e precise di quelle offerte dall’angiografia). Questo gap conoscitivo è colmato dallo studio FLAVOUR (Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis) eseguito in centri della Corea del Sud e della Cina.

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Optical coherence tomography, intravascular ultrasound o angiography guidance for distal left main coronary stentig. The ROCK sohort II study.

Objectives: To test the safety and efficacy of intravascular imaging and specifically optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a diagnostic tool for left main angioplasty and analyze the mid-term outcome accordingly.

Background: Clinical data and international guidelines recommend the use of intravascular imaging ultrasound (IVUS) to guide left main (LM) angioplasty. Despite early experience using OCT in this setting is encouraging, the evidence supporting its use is still limited.

Methods: ROCK II is a multicenter, investigatordriven, retrospective European study to compare the performance of IVUS and OCT versus angiography in patients undergoing distal-LM stenting. The primary study endpoint was target-lesion failure (TLF) including cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction and target-lesion revascularization. We designed this study hypothesizing the superiority of intravascular imaging over angiographic guidance alone, and the non-inferiority of OCT versus IVUS.

Results: A total of 730 patients, 377 with intravascular-imaging guidance (162 OCT, 215 IVUS) and 353 with angiographic guidance, were analyzed. The one-year rate of TLF was 21.2% with angiography and 12.7% with intravascularimaging (p=0.039), with no difference between OCT and IVUS (p=0.26). Intravascular-imaging was predictor of freedom from TLF (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.23-0.93: p=0.03). Propensity-score matching identified three groups of 100 patients each with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The one-year rate of TLF was 16% in the angiographic, 7% in the OCT and 6% in the IVUS group, respectively (p=0.03 for IVUS or OCT vs. angiography). No between-group significant differences in the rate of individual components of TLF were found.

Conclusions: Intravascular imaging was superior to angiography for distal LM stenting, with no difference between OCT and IVUS.

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